Design Without – create/design/a new default/standard

The engraving is from Mechanic’s Magazine (cover of bound Volume II, Knight & Lacey, London, 1824) Courtesy of the Annenberg Rare Book & Manuscript Library University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, USA https://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Lever/LeverIntro.html GIVE ME A PLACE TO STAND AND I WILL MOVE THE EARTH A remark of Archimedes quoted by Pappus of Alexandria Collection or Synagoge, Book VIII, c. AD 340 Greek text: Pappi Alexandrini Collectionis Edited by Friedrich Otto Hultsch, Berlin, 1878 (see page 1060)

Outcome

Group activity — I asked everyone in the classroom to say what should the current year be, based on the fact that humanity doesn’t have a standardised calendar system.

Brief

create/design/a new default/standard

Feedback

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_Sutra

 

Research

Give me a place to stand and I will move the Earth

https://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Lever/LeverLaw.html

The engraving is from Mechanic’s Magazine (cover of bound Volume II, Knight & Lacey, London, 1824)
Courtesy of the Annenberg Rare Book & Manuscript Library University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, USA
https://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Lever/LeverIntro.html
GIVE ME A PLACE TO STAND AND I WILL MOVE THE EARTH
A remark of Archimedes quoted by Pappus of Alexandria
Collection or Synagoge, Book VIII, c. AD 340
Greek text: Pappi Alexandrini Collectionis
Edited by Friedrich Otto Hultsch, Berlin, 1878 (see page 1060)

 

The Law of the Lever Before Archimedes . . .

Why is it that small forces can move great weights by means of a lever, as was said at the beginning of the treatise, seeing that one naturally adds the weight of the lever? For surely the smaller weight is easier to move, and it is smaller without the lever. Is the lever the reason, being equivalent to a beam with a cord attached below, and divided into two equal parts? For the fulcrum acts as the attached cord : for both these remain stationary, and act as a centre. For since under the impulse of the same weight the greater radius from the centre moves the more rapidly, and there are three elements in the lever, the fulcrum,that is the cord or centre, and the two weights, the one which causes the movement, and the one that is moved : now the ratio of the weight moved to the weight moving it is the inverse ratio of the distances from the centre. Now the greater the distance from the fulcrum, the more easily it will move. The reason has been given before that the point further from the centre describes the greater circle, so that by the use of the same force, when the motive force is farther from the lever, it will cause a greater movement. Let AB be the bar, G be the weight, and D the moving force, E the fulcrum ; and let H be the point to which the moving force travels and K the point to which G the weight moved travels.

 

Calendar web resources

https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/calendars.html

http://galileo.rice.edu/chron/index.html

https://www.hermetic.ch/cal_stud/cal_art.html

http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar.html

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/topics/CalendricalSystems.html

 

Before AD, what did people of the BC era call their years?

https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2010/jan/13/how-ancient-rome-counted-years

The dominance of one calendar for world events is quite recent and many other calendars remain in use: the Ethiopian calendar, for ­instance, has 13 months. The references AD and BC are sometimes ­replaced by CE and BCE: Common Era and Before the Common Era.

The Roman calendar was counted Ab urbe condita (“from the foundation of the city”), in 753 BC; and it continued in use until the Anno Domini calendar was introduced in AD 525. The monk who calculated AD from AUC forgot that the Emperor Augustus ruled for four years as Octavian before he changed his name, and this error remains in the system. Also, as he counted in Roman, not Arabic, numerals, he did not include the years 0 BC and AD 0.

The Muslim calendar runs from the Hijra, Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina in AD 622. Like the Christian calendar, it displaced earlier calendars such as the Zoroastrian one in Persia, which dates from about 1200 BC. The Muslim calendar is a lunar one, but Iranians still celebrate Nowruz, the new year in the solar ­Zoroastrian calendar, at the spring equinox each March.

The Chinese calendar dates back to about 2700 BC and the Hindu calendar to about 3100 BC. The Jewish calendar has an even earlier starting point, 5,770 years ago, calculated as the date of the creation as described in scripture.

Roger Crosskey, London W10

Official records of the Roman ­empire and its successors used two systems in parallel. One, used in legal documents, dated from the accession of the current emperor, and started again with each new emperor (a system still used with each new ­monarch in English law). The other, used in historical works, was AUC, Ab urbe condita. In “the year of the consulship of Probius Junior” (1278 AUC) Dionysius Exiguus, a member of the Roman curia, invented the AD system by recording that it was 525 years “since the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ”.

He probably arrived at that date by looking up the recorded dates of incidents mentioned in the Christian gospels. Matthew 2:1 has Jesus born during the reign of Herod, who died in 749 AUC after a long illness. Luke 2:2-6 has Jesus born at the time of the census of Judea instituted by Quirinius, which took place in 759 AUC. Dionysius seems to have decided on a compromise, putting the birth of Jesus between the two ascertained dates, at 753 AUC.

Much later, in AD 731 (1484 AUC), the custom of dating events AD, using Dionysius’s date, was originated by the historian the Venerable Bede.

Donald Rooum, London E1

 

New religious emojis

Christianity, Judaism, Islam—There’s an Emoji for Those. But What about Humanism?

 

150+ Funny and Witty Answers to the Question “How Are You?”

https://pairedlife.com/etiquette/Funny-and-Witty-Responses-to-the-Question-How-Are-You